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Group Theory Notes

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Magma is a set with a binary operation. (and that's all)

Group Theory Basics

Group

f[A ⊕ B] = f[A] ⊕ f[B]
f[s ⊙ A] = s ⊙ f[A]

A group (G, *) is a set G with a binary operation *.

Order of a group G, is the number of elements in it. It can be finit, or infinite.

The Order of a element x, is the number n, such that x^n == e.

Subgroups

A set H is a subgroup of a group G if it is a subset of G and a group using the operation defined on G. In other words, H is a subgroup of (G, *) if the restriction of * to H is a group operation on H.

If G is a finite group, then so is H. Further, the order of H divides the order of G (Lagrange's Theorem).

Cosets

Cosets

direct product of a group

If (G,*) and (H,•) are groups, then the set G×H together with the operation (g1,h1)(g2,h2) = (g1*g2,h1•h2) is a group.

The diff between ismorphism and homomorphism is that the former is bijection.

Given two groups (G, *) and (H, @), a group isomorphism from (G, *) to (H, @) is a bijective group homomorphism from G to H. Spelled out, this means that a group isomorphism is a bijective function f : G → H such that for all u and v in G it holds that

f (u * v) = f (u) @ f (v)

The fundamental theorem of finite abelian groups states that every finite abelian group can be expressed as the direct sum of cyclic subgroups of prime-power order. Lagrange's theorem (group theory)

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2007-08